the universe

* * *

ūnĭversus, a, um ( poet. contr., unvorsum, Lucr. 4, 262; plur. OINVORSEI, S. C. Bacch.), adj. [unus-verto, turned into one, combined into one whole], all together, all taken collectively, whole, entire, collective, general, universal (opp. singuli).

Sing.:

universa provincia,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 168:

terra,

id. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

familia,

id. Caecin. 20, 58:

mare,

id. Fin. 2, 34, 112; 4, 2, 3:

universum mundum complecti,

id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

Gallia,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 39, 2:

triduum,

three days together, Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 18:

vita,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

odium tantum ac tam universum,

id. Pis. 27, 65:

confusa atque universa defensio,

id. Sest. 2, 5:

universa et propria oratoris vis,

id. de Or. 1, 15, 64:

de universā philosophiā,

id. Tusc. 3, 3, 6:

bellum,

Liv. 7, 11, 1:

dimicatio,

a general engagement, id. 22, 32, 2; so,

pugna,

id. 27, 12, 9.—Strengthened by totus:

lupus Gregem universum voluit totum avortere,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 134.—

Plur.:

de universis generibus rerum dicere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 71:

ex iis rebus universis eloquentia constat, quibus in singulis elaborare permagnum est,

id. ib. 1, 5, 19:

ut eadem sit utilitas uniuscujusque et universorum,

id. Off. 3, 6, 26:

quae (virtus) etiam populos universos tueri soleat,

id. Lael. 14, 50:

in illum universi tela coniciunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44; 4, 26; 7, 17:

qui (Democritus) ita sit ausus ordiri: haec loquor de universis. Nihil excipit, de quo non profiteatur: quid enim esse potest extra universa?

Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 73.—Strengthened by omnes:

id genus hominum omnibus Universis est adversum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 40:

talibus dictis universi omnes assensere,

App. M. 7, p. 189. —

ūnĭversi, ōrum, m., the whole body of citizens, all men together:

cum crudelitate unius oppressi essent universi,

Cic. Rep. 3, 31, 43:

et earum urbium separatim ab universis singulos diligunt (di),

id. N. D. 2, 66, 165:

si universi videre optimum et in eo consentire possent, nihil opus esset pluribus,

id. Rep. 1, 34, 52; Suet. Galb. 10.—

ūnĭversum, i, n., the whole world, the universe:

tum censet imagines divinitate praeditas inesse in universitate rerum: tum principia mentis, quae sunt in eodem universo, deos esse dicit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

genitor universi,

Col. 3, 10, 10.—

Adverb.: in universum, as a whole, in general, generally (not in Cic. or Cæs.):

non nominatim, sed in universum,

Liv. 9, 26, 8: terra etsi aliquando specie differt, in universum tamen aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda, Tac. G. 5; so id. ib. 6; Plin. 6, 17, 19, § 50.—Hence, adv.: ūnĭversē, in general, generally (cf.:

omnmo, generatim, communiter): singillatim potius quam generatim atque universe loqui,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

cetera universe mandavi: illud proprie, ne pateretur prorogari nobis provincias,

id. Att. 5, 2, 1; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 268.

ūnĭversus, a, um ( poet. contr., unvorsum, Lucr. 4, 262; plur. OINVORSEI, S. C. Bacch.), adj. [unus-verto, turned into one, combined into one whole], all together, all taken collectively, whole, entire, collective, general, universal (opp. singuli).

Sing.:

universa provincia,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 168:

terra,

id. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

familia,

id. Caecin. 20, 58:

mare,

id. Fin. 2, 34, 112; 4, 2, 3:

universum mundum complecti,

id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

Gallia,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 39, 2:

triduum,

three days together, Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 18:

vita,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

odium tantum ac tam universum,

id. Pis. 27, 65:

confusa atque universa defensio,

id. Sest. 2, 5:

universa et propria oratoris vis,

id. de Or. 1, 15, 64:

de universā philosophiā,

id. Tusc. 3, 3, 6:

bellum,

Liv. 7, 11, 1:

dimicatio,

a general engagement, id. 22, 32, 2; so,

pugna,

id. 27, 12, 9.—Strengthened by totus:

lupus Gregem universum voluit totum avortere,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 134.—

Plur.:

de universis generibus rerum dicere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 71:

ex iis rebus universis eloquentia constat, quibus in singulis elaborare permagnum est,

id. ib. 1, 5, 19:

ut eadem sit utilitas uniuscujusque et universorum,

id. Off. 3, 6, 26:

quae (virtus) etiam populos universos tueri soleat,

id. Lael. 14, 50:

in illum universi tela coniciunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44; 4, 26; 7, 17:

qui (Democritus) ita sit ausus ordiri: haec loquor de universis. Nihil excipit, de quo non profiteatur: quid enim esse potest extra universa?

Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 73.—Strengthened by omnes:

id genus hominum omnibus Universis est adversum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 40:

talibus dictis universi omnes assensere,

App. M. 7, p. 189. —

ūnĭversi, ōrum, m., the whole body of citizens, all men together:

cum crudelitate unius oppressi essent universi,

Cic. Rep. 3, 31, 43:

et earum urbium separatim ab universis singulos diligunt (di),

id. N. D. 2, 66, 165:

si universi videre optimum et in eo consentire possent, nihil opus esset pluribus,

id. Rep. 1, 34, 52; Suet. Galb. 10.—

ūnĭversum, i, n., the whole world, the universe:

tum censet imagines divinitate praeditas inesse in universitate rerum: tum principia mentis, quae sunt in eodem universo, deos esse dicit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

genitor universi,

Col. 3, 10, 10.—

Adverb.: in universum, as a whole, in general, generally (not in Cic. or Cæs.):

non nominatim, sed in universum,

Liv. 9, 26, 8: terra etsi aliquando specie differt, in universum tamen aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda, Tac. G. 5; so id. ib. 6; Plin. 6, 17, 19, § 50.—Hence, adv.: ūnĭversē, in general, generally (cf.:

omnmo, generatim, communiter): singillatim potius quam generatim atque universe loqui,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

cetera universe mandavi: illud proprie, ne pateretur prorogari nobis provincias,

id. Att. 5, 2, 1; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 268.

ūnĭversus, a, um ( poet. contr., unvorsum, Lucr. 4, 262; plur. OINVORSEI, S. C. Bacch.), adj. [unus-verto, turned into one, combined into one whole], all together, all taken collectively, whole, entire, collective, general, universal (opp. singuli).

Sing.:

universa provincia,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 168:

terra,

id. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

familia,

id. Caecin. 20, 58:

mare,

id. Fin. 2, 34, 112; 4, 2, 3:

universum mundum complecti,

id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

Gallia,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 39, 2:

triduum,

three days together, Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 18:

vita,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

odium tantum ac tam universum,

id. Pis. 27, 65:

confusa atque universa defensio,

id. Sest. 2, 5:

universa et propria oratoris vis,

id. de Or. 1, 15, 64:

de universā philosophiā,

id. Tusc. 3, 3, 6:

bellum,

Liv. 7, 11, 1:

dimicatio,

a general engagement, id. 22, 32, 2; so,

pugna,

id. 27, 12, 9.—Strengthened by totus:

lupus Gregem universum voluit totum avortere,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 134.—

Plur.:

de universis generibus rerum dicere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 71:

ex iis rebus universis eloquentia constat, quibus in singulis elaborare permagnum est,

id. ib. 1, 5, 19:

ut eadem sit utilitas uniuscujusque et universorum,

id. Off. 3, 6, 26:

quae (virtus) etiam populos universos tueri soleat,

id. Lael. 14, 50:

in illum universi tela coniciunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44; 4, 26; 7, 17:

qui (Democritus) ita sit ausus ordiri: haec loquor de universis. Nihil excipit, de quo non profiteatur: quid enim esse potest extra universa?

Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 73.—Strengthened by omnes:

id genus hominum omnibus Universis est adversum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 40:

talibus dictis universi omnes assensere,

App. M. 7, p. 189. —

ūnĭversi, ōrum, m., the whole body of citizens, all men together:

cum crudelitate unius oppressi essent universi,

Cic. Rep. 3, 31, 43:

et earum urbium separatim ab universis singulos diligunt (di),

id. N. D. 2, 66, 165:

si universi videre optimum et in eo consentire possent, nihil opus esset pluribus,

id. Rep. 1, 34, 52; Suet. Galb. 10.—

ūnĭversum, i, n., the whole world, the universe:

tum censet imagines divinitate praeditas inesse in universitate rerum: tum principia mentis, quae sunt in eodem universo, deos esse dicit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

genitor universi,

Col. 3, 10, 10.—

Adverb.: in universum, as a whole, in general, generally (not in Cic. or Cæs.):

non nominatim, sed in universum,

Liv. 9, 26, 8: terra etsi aliquando specie differt, in universum tamen aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda, Tac. G. 5; so id. ib. 6; Plin. 6, 17, 19, § 50.—Hence, adv.: ūnĭversē, in general, generally (cf.:

omnmo, generatim, communiter): singillatim potius quam generatim atque universe loqui,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

cetera universe mandavi: illud proprie, ne pateretur prorogari nobis provincias,

id. Att. 5, 2, 1; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 268.

* * *

ūnĭversĭtas, ātis, f. [id.], the whole.

Lit.:

universitas generis humani,

Cic. N. D. 2, 65, 164:

in universitate rerum,

i. e. in the universe, id. ib. 1, 43, 120:

communem rerum naturam universitatemque omnia continentem,

id. ib. 1, 15, 39 B. and K.:

hoc interdictum ad universitatem bonorum, non ad singulas res pertinet,

Dig. 43, 2, 1:

aedificii,

ib. 41, 1, 7:

aedium,

ib. 41, 3, 23:

non tantum universitati ejus attendas, verum etiam particulas persequaris,

Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 3:

orationis,

id. ib. 2, 5, 7; cf. id. ib. 3, 15, 5: res per universitatem adquirere, in the aggregate, of succession to the entire property of a person, Gai Inst. 2, 97 sq.; 2, 191; Dig. 43, 3, 1, § 13.—

Transf., concr.

The whole number of things, the whole world, the universe:

universitatis corpus,

Cic. Univ. 5; so id. ib. 12:

volubilis,

Plin. 2, 5, 4, § 11:

ambitus terrae totius ad magnitudinem universitatis instar obtuet puncti,

Amm. 15, 1, 4.—

A number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc. (jurid. Lat.):

universitatis sunt, non singulorum, veluti quae in civitatibus sunt theatra et stadia et similia et siqua alia sunt communia civitatum,

Dig. 1, 8, 6: quae (res) publicae sunt nullius in bonis creduntur, ipsius enim universitatis esse creduntur, Gai Inst. 2, 11:

quod cujusque universitatis nomine vel contra eam agetur,

Dig. 3, 4, 2:

de libertis universitatum,

ib. 38, tit. 3; Gai Inst. 2, 11.

* * *

cardo, ĭnis, m. [cf. kradê, a swing; kradainô, to swing, wave; Sanscr. kurd, a spring, a leap; old Germ. hrad, lively, and Germ. reit in bereit, ready] (f., Gracch. ap. Prisc. p. 683 P.; Graius ap. Non. p. 202, 20; cf. infra in Vitr.), the pivot and socket, upon which a door was made to swing at the lintel and the threshold, the hinge of a door or gate, Enn. Trag. 119 Vahl.:

paene ecfregisti foribus cardines,

Plaut. Am. 4, 2, 6; id. As. 2, 3, 8:

postis a cardine vellit Aeratos,

Verg. A. 2, 480:

cardo stridebat,

id. ib. 1, 449; cf. id. Cir. 222:

num muttit cardo?

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 94:

immoti,

Plin. 16, 43, 84, § 230:

singuli,

id. 36, 15, 24, § 117:

facili patuerunt cardine valvae,

Juv. 4, 63:

versato cardine Thisbe Egreditur,

opening the door, Ov. M. 4, 93; cf. Verg. A. 3, 448:

nec strepitum verso Saturnia cardine fecit,

Ov. M. 14, 782 al. —

Meton.

Cardines, in mechanics, beams that were fitted together; and specifically, cardo masculus, a tenon, Vitr. 9, 6, and cardo femina, a socket, a mortise, id. 9, 6:

cardo securiclatus,

axeshaped tenon, a dovetail, id. 10, 15, 3.— Hence,

In garlands, the place where the two ends meet, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 18.—

In astron., the point about which something turns, a pole. So of the North pole:

caeli,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 4:

mundi,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 89; cf.: extremusque adeo duplici de cardine vertex Dicitur esse polus, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 41, 105; Ov. P. 2, 10, 45; Stat. Th. 1, 349:

cardo glacialis ursae,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1139:

Arctoae cardo portae,

Stat. Th. 7, 35;

hence anal. to this, with the agrimensores,

the line limiting the field, drawn through from north to south, Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 326; 17, 22, 35, § 169; cf. Fest. s. v. decimanus, p. 71 Müll., and accordingly the mountain Taurus is called cardo, i. e. line or limit, Liv. 37, 54, 23; cf. id. 40, 18, 8; 41, 1, 3.—Of the four cardinal points of the world, Quint. 12, 10, 67; so, Hesperius Eous, Luc. 5, 71; Stat. Th. 1, 157:

occiduus,

Luc. 4, 672:

medius,

id. 4, 673.— Of the earth as the centre of the universe, acc. to the belief of the ancients, Plin. 2, 64, 64, § 160; 2, 9, 6, § 44.—Of the intersection of inclined surfaces:

reperiuntur (aquae)... quodam convexitatis cardine aut montium radicibus,

Plin. 31, 3, 26, § 43.—Of the summer solstice:

anni,

Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 264; and so of the epochs of the different seasons:

temporum,

id. 18, 25, 58, § 218; 18, 25, 59, § 220.—Hence, of the time of life:

extremus,

old age, Luc. 7, 381.—

Trop., that on which every thing else turns or depends, the chief point or circumstance (so not before the Aug. per.):

haud tanto cessabit cardine rerum,

at such a turn of affairs, so great a crisis, in so critical a moment, decisive, Verg. A. 1, 672 (hoc est in articulo, Serv.; cf. Isid. Orig. 15, 7, 6; Gr. akmê):

fatorum in cardine summo,

Stat. Th. 10, 853: litium. Quint. 12, 8, 2:

causae,

id. 5, 12, 3:

satellitem in quo totius dominationis summa quasi quodam cardine continetur,

Val. Max. 3, 3, ext. 5:

unum eligamus in quo est summum ac principale, in quo totius sapientiae cardo versatur,

Lact. 3, 7, 6.

mundus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. mund, purificari], clean, cleanly, nice, neat, elegant.

Lit. (class.;

syn.: lautus, nitidus, purus): supellex,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 7:

caena,

id. C. 3, 29, 14:

ager,

Gell. 19, 12, 8:

mundissimum cubile desiderat (animal),

Col. 7, 9, 14:

jam intus mundissimumst,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 7.— Poet., with abl., = ornatus: Ostia munita est: idem loca navibus pulchris Munda facit, adorned, Enn. ap. Tert. p. 258 Müll. (Ann. v. 146 Vahl.).—

Transf.

Of mode of living, neat, fine, elegant, smart, genteel:

cultus justo mundior,

too elegant dress, Liv. 8, 15.— As subst.: mundus, i, m. (sc. homo), an elegant or nice person, Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 23.—

Of quality, not coarse, fine (post-class.):

annonae, of wheat,

Lampr. Alex. Sev. 42, 3:

panis,

id. ib. 37, 3.—

Trop.

Of speech, neat, fine, elegant ( poet. and in postclass. prose):

verba, Ov A. A. 3, 479: versus, quibus mundius nihil reperiri puto,

Gell. 19, 9, 10:

in Gallos mundius subtiliusque est, quam cum Gallis aut contra Gallos,

id. 17, 2 med. —

Subst.: mun-dum, i. n., only in the phrase: in mundo (esse or habere), in readiness (ante-class.): tibi vita seu mors in mundo est, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 181 P. (Ann. v. 457 Vahl.:

in mundo pro palam et in expedito ac cito, Charis.): nempe habeo in mundo,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 1, 46:

mihi in mundo sunt virgae,

id. As. 2, 1, 16; 2, 2, 50:

nescio quid vero habeo in mundo,

id. Stich. 3, 2, 23; id. Ps. 1, 5, 85 Ritschl.—

In eccl. Lat., morally pure, upright, free from sin:

cor mundum crea in me, Deus,

Vulg. Psa. 50, 12:

beati mundo corde,

id. Matt. 5, 8.—Hence, adv., in two forms (both, for the most part, anteand post-class.).—

mundē, cleanly, neatly, prettily:

(copia) in suo quaeque loco sita munde,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 5: verrite aedes, spargite munde, Titin. ap. Charis. p. 183 P.:

parum munde et parum decenter,

Sen. Ep. 70, 20:

munde facti versus,

Gell. 10, 17, 2:

quam mundissime purissimeque fiat,

Cato, R. R. 66, 1.—

mun-dĭter, cleanly, neatly.

Lit.:

cum sedulo munditer nos habeamus,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 26.—

Trop., decently, with propriety:

dicere,

App. Mag. p. 296, 14.

mundus, i, m. ( neutr. collat. form, mundum: legavit quidam uxori mundum omne penumque, all her toilet, Lucil. ap. Gell. 4, 1, 3, and ap. Non. 214, 17) [1. mundus], toilet ornaments, decorations, dress (of a woman).

Lit.:

mundus muliebris est, quo mulier mundior fit: continentur eo specula, matulae, unguenta, vasa unguentaria, et si qua similia dici possunt, veluti lavatio, riscus... Unguenta, quibus valetudinis causā unguimur, mundo non continentur,

Dig. 34, 2, 25:

munditiae et ornatus et cultus, haec feminarum insignia sunt: hunc mundum muliebrem appellārunt majores nostri,

Liv. 34, 7, 9: virginalis, Att. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 142 Müll.:

quamvis auro, veste, gemmis, omnique cetero mundo exornata mulier incedat,

App. M. 2, p. 118. —

Transf.

In gen., an implement (ante- and post-class.):

operae messoriae mundus,

implements for the harvest work, App. M. 6 init.:

Cereris,

the mystical casket of Ceres, id. Mag. p. 282 (the expression in mundo esse and habere belongs to the adj. mundus, v. mundus, II. B.).—

Like the Gr. kosmos, the universe, the world, esp. the heavens and the heavenly bodies: ut hunc hac varietate distinctum bene Graeci kosmon, nos lucentem mundum nominaremus, the heavens, Cic. Univ. 10: nam quem kosmos Graeci, nomine ornamenti appellaverunt. eum nos a perfectā absolutāque elegantiā, mundum, Plin. 2, 4, 3, § 8: concussit micantia sidera mundus, heaven shook, Cat. 64, 206:

aetherius,

Tib. 3, 4, 17:

arduus,

Verg. G. 1, 240:

aestuat infelix angusto limite mundi,

Juv. 10, 169. Also: mundus caeli, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Sat. v. 10, p. 156 Vahl.):

o clarissima mundi Lumina,

Verg. G. 1, 5 sq.:

immensi copia mundi,

Ov. M. 2, 157:

ipse mundus deorum hominumque causā factus est...Est enim mundus quasi communis deorum atque hominum domus, aut urbs utrorumque,

the world, Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 154:

innumerabiles,

id. Ac. 2, 17, 55:

e tabulā pictos ediscere mundos,

parts of the world, Prop. 5, 3, 37.—

Transf.

The world, i. e. the earth, the inhabitants of the earth, mankind ( poet.):

quicumque mundo terminus obstitit,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 53:

spes miseri mundi,

Luc. 5, 469; Stat. S. 3, 3, 87:

fastos evolvere mundi,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 112:

mundum laedere,

mankind, Claud. Ruf. 1, 87:

nullā in parte mundi cessat ebrietas,

Plin. 14, 22, 29, § 149; 30, 1, 2, § 8; Flor. 2, 12, 1; Just. 30, 4, 9:

(Alexander) scrutatur maria ignota, et, ut ita dicam, mundi claustra perrumpit,

Sen. Ep. 119, 7:

mundi principio,

Juv. 15, 147.—

The heavens, i. e. the sky, the weather (post-class.):

tepida indulget terris clementia mundi,

Grat. Fal. 288:

ad Eoos tractūs mundique teporem,

Luc. 8, 365.—

The sun (perh. only in Manilius):

quā mundus redit,

Manil. Astron. 1, 36; id. ib. 3, 591.—

Euphemistically for the Lower World, the infernal regions. The opening into this mundus was at Rome, in the Comitium, and was kept covered with a stone (lapis manalis); three times in the year, on the 24th of August, the 5th of October, and the 8th of November, days sacred to the gods of the infernal regions, this round pit was opened, and all sorts of fruits were thrown into it as offerings, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16, 18; Paul. ex Fest. s. v mundus, p. 154 Müll., and s. v. manalem lapidem, p. 128 ib.—

Esp. (eccl. Lat.), the world as opposed to the church; this world, the realm of sin and death, as opposed to Christ's kingdom of holiness and life:

non pro mundo rogo,

Vulg. Johan. 17, 9:

de mundo non sunt,

id. ib. 17, 16:

princeps hujus mundi (i. e. Satan),

id. ib. 12, 31;

14, 30: regnum meum non est de hoc mundo,

id. ib. 18, 36; cf. id. Eph. 2, 2; 6, 12.

orbis, is (nom. orbs, Ven. Carm. 8, 5. — Abl. regul. orbe;

but orbi,

Lucr. 5, 74:

ex orbi,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 16; Rutil. ap. Charis. p. 112 P.: orbi terrae, in the meaning in the world, Cic. Sest. 30, 66; so,

orbi terrarum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 82 Halm; id. Dom. 10, 24; id. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 112 P.), m. [etym. dub.; perh. akin to Sanscr. dhvar, bend, twist], any thing of a circular shape, a ring, round surface, disk, hoop, orbit, orb, a circle (class.; cf.: circus, circulus, gyrus, spira).

Lit.:

in orbem torquere,

Cic. Univ. 7:

curvare aliquid in orbem,

Ov. M. 2, 715:

certumque equitavit in orbem,

id. ib. 12, 468.—Of a ring:

et digitum justo commodus orbe teras,

fit exactly, Ov. Am. 2, 15, 6:

unionum,

roundness, Plin. 9, 35, 56, § 113.—Of a circle formed by men:

ut in orbem consisterent,

place themselves in a circle, form a circle, Caes. B. G. 5, 33:

cum illi, orbe facto, se defenderent,

id. ib. 4, 37:

orbem volventes suos increpans,

Liv. 4, 28:

in orbem pugnare,

id. 28, 22, 15:

in orbem sese stantibus equis defendere,

id. 28, 33, 15: stella (phaethôn) eundem duodecim signorum orbem annis duodecim conficit, the zodiac, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52:

lacteus,

the Milky Way, id. Rep. 6, 16, 16.—Of the orbit of a heavenly body:

sidera circulos suos orbesque conficiunt,

Cic. Rep. 6, 15, 15.—Of a serpent, the windings, coils:

immensis orbibus angues Incumbunt pelago,

Verg. A. 2, 204.—Of a circular surface or disk:

orbis mensae,

a round table-top, Ov. H. 17, 87; cf. Juv. 11, 122.—Also, simply orbes, a round table, Mart. 2, 43; Juv. 1, 137.—Of a quoit or discus:

ictus ab orbe,

Ov. Ib. 590.—Of the scale of a balance:

instabilis natat alterno depressior orbe,

Tib. 4, 1, 44.—Of a mirror:

addidit et nitidum sacratis crinibus orbem,

Mart. 9, 18, 5.—Of a shield:

illa (hasta) per orbem Aere cavum triplici... Transiit,

Verg. A. 10, 783; Petr. 89.—Of a mosaic pavement of rounded pieces [p. 1276] of marble, Juv. 11, 175.—Of a scale, one side of a balance, Tib. 4, 1, 44.—Of the millstones of an oil-mill, Cato, R. R. 22.—Of the wooden disk placed over olives in pressing them, Cato, R. R. 18.—Of the hoop or tire of a wheel:

rotarum orbes circumacti,

Plin. 8, 16, 19, § 52.—Of the wheel itself:

undaque jam tergo ferratos sustinet orbes,

Verg. G. 3, 361.—Hence, the wheel of fortune, Tib. 1, 5, 70; Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 7; id. P. 2, 3, 56.—Of the socket of the eye:

inanem luminis orbem,

Ov. M. 14, 200.—Of the eye itself:

gemino lumen ab orbe venit,

Ov. Am. 1, 8, 16:

ardentes oculorum orbes ad moenia torsit,

Verg. A. 12, 670.—Of the sun's disk or orb:

lucidus orbis,

Verg. G. 1, 459.—Of the moon's disk or orb:

quater junctis implevit cornibus orbem Luna, quater plenum tenuata retexuit orbem,

Ov. M. 7, 530.—Of the circle of the world, the world, the universe:

Juppiter arce suā totum cum spectet in orbem,

Ov. F. 1, 85:

renatus,

the new-born day, Sil. 5, 56: terrarum or terrae, the circle or orb of the earth, the world (since the ancients regarded the earth as a circular plane or disk):

permittitur infinita potestas orbis terrarum,

Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 33:

ager Campanus orbis terrae pulcherrimus,

id. ib. 2, 28, 76; id. Sest. 30, 66:

cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis?

Verg. A. 1, 233; cf. id. ib. 7, 224.—Also, simply orbis (so mostly poet.):

hic, ubi nunc Roma est orbis caput, arbor et herbae,

Ov. F. 5, 93:

unus,

Juv. 10, 168; 4, 148:

universus,

Vulg. Luc. 2, 1; id. Apoc. 12, 9.—Hence, a country, region, territory:

Eoo dives ab orbe redit,

the East, Ov. F. 3, 466:

Assyrius,

Juv. 2, 108:

noster,

Plin. 12, 12, 26, § 45.— A kind of fish, Plin. 32, 2, 5, § 14 Sillig; cf. Isid. Orig. 12, 6, 6.—

Trop., a circle.

Of things that return at a certain period of time, a rotation, round, circuit:

ut idem in singulos annos orbis volveretur,

Liv. 3, 10:

insigne regium in orbem per omnes iret,

in rotation, id. 3, 36:

orbis hic in re publicā est conversus,

the circle of political changes, Cic. Att. 2, 9, 1.—

Orbis doctrinae, an encyclopœdia: orbis ille doctrinae quam Graeci enkuklion paideian vocant, Quint. 1, 10, 1.—

Of speech, a rounding off, roundness, rotundity:

circuitum, et quasi orbem verborum conficere,

Cic. de Or. 3, 51, 198:

orationis,

id. Or. 71, 234:

historia non tam finitos numeros quam orbem quendam contextumque desiderat,

Quint. 9, 4, 129.—

A circle or cycle of thought:

sententiae Pyrrhonis in hunc orbem quem circumscripsimus, incidere non possunt,

Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 23; cf.:

circa vilem patulumque orbem,

Hor. A. P. 132.—

Esp.: in orbem ire, to go the rounds, go around:

quinque dierum spatio finiebatur imperium ac per omnes in orbem ibant,

in turn, Liv. 1, 17, 6; 3, 36, 3.

summa, ae, f. (sc. res; old gen. summai, Lucr. 1, 984; 6, 679) [summus, v. superus].

Lit., that which is highest in any thing, the top, summit, surface (postAug. and very rare):

testudines evectae in summā pelagi,

Plin. 9, 10, 12, § 35 (cf. summus, I. s. v. superus).—

Transf., that which is most important or prominent in any thing, the main thing, chief point, principal matter; the sum, height, substance, summit, completion, perfection

In gen.:

leges a me edentur non perfectae... sed ipsae summae rerum atque sententiae,

the main points, chief particulars, Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 18:

cujus rei satis erit summam dixisse,

id. Inv. 1, 20, 28:

ex hac infinitā licentiā haec summa cogitur, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 43, 67:

lectis rerum summis,

Liv. 40, 29, 11:

haec summa est, hic nostri nuntius esto,

Verg. A. 4, 237:

summa est, si curaveris, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 75, 2:

in hoc summa judicii causaque tota consistit,

id. Quint. 9, 32:

eam ignominiam ad summam universi belli pertinere ratus,

to the issue of the whole war, Liv. 32, 17, 3; cf.:

haec belli summa nefandi,

Verg. A. 12, 572:

solus summam habet hic apud nos,

the first place, pre-eminence, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 15:

qui vobis summam ordinis consiliique concedunt,

Cic. Cat. 4, 7, 15:

summam alicui rei dare,

perfection, culmination, Quint. 3, 2, 1: 5, 10, 72; 11, 2, 41; 12, 1, 20: remittendo de summā quisque juris. strict or extreme right, Liv. 4, 43, 11.—

In partic.

Of a reckoning of numbers, the amount, the sum, sum total, including each of the single items, as if counted: quid, tu, inquam, soles, cum rationem a dispensatore accipis, si aera singula probasti, summam, quae ex his confecta sit, non probare? Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 193, 11:

addendo deducendoque videre, quae reliqui summa fiat,

id. Off. 1, 18, 59: Py. Quanta istaec hominum summa est? Ar. Septem milia, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 46:

equitum magno numero ex omni populi summa separato,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 39:

subducamus summam,

id. Att. 5, 21, 11:

summam facere,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131.—

Of money, a sum, amount.

With pecuniae:

pecuniae summam quantam imperaverit, parum convenit,

Liv. 30, 16, 12:

pecuniae etiam par prope summa fuit,

id. 33, 23, 9:

summa pecuniae signatae fuit talentūm duo milia et sexcenta,

Curt. 3, 13, 16:

accessit ad hanc pecuniae summam sex milia talantum,

id. 5, 6, 10:

pecuniae summa homines movit,

Liv. 22, 61, 1; 38, 11, 8; 40, 46, 16; 42, 62, 14; cf.:

census equestrem Summam nummorum,

Hor. A. P. 384:

ob parvam pecuniae summam erogatam,

Val. Max. 4, 8, 1.—

Without pecuniae:

de summā nihil decedet,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 30:

hac summā redempti,

Liv. 32, 17, 2; 22, 61, 2:

Marcellus decem pondo auri et argenti ad summam sestertii decies in aerarium rettulit,

id. 45, 4, 1:

quācumque summā tradet luxuriae domum,

Phaedr. 4, 4, 44;

creditor totius summae,

Quint. 5, 10, 117:

actor summarum,

Suet. Dom. 11.—

Without reference to a count, the sum, the whole:

de summā mali detrahere,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 23, 55:

summa cogitationum mearum omnium,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

meorum maerorum atque amorum summam edictavi tibi,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 2:

ergo ex hac infinita licentiā haec summa cogitur,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 67:

proposita vitae ejus velut summa,

Suet. Aug. 9:

vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 15: summarum summa est aeterna, the sum of all sums, the sum of all things, i. e. the universe, Lucr. 5, 361; so,

summa summarum,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 4; Sen. Ep. 40, 13; and: summa summaï, Lucr 6, 679. —

Adverb.

Ad summam, on the whole, generally, in short, in a word:

ille affirmabat... ad summam: non posse istaec sic abire,

Cic. Att. 14, 1, 1; so,

ad summam,

id. ib. 7, 7, 7; id. Off. 1, 42, 149; id. Fam. 14, 14, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106, Juv. 3, 79.—

In summā, in all:

Drusus erat de praevaricatione a tribunis aerariis absolutus, in summā quattuor sententiis,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 6; 2, 11, 25:

in omni summā,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 5 —

In summā, at last, finally (post-Aug.):

diu colluctatus est: in summā victus occumbit,

Just. 13, 8, 8; 22, 1, 8; 37, 1, 8.—

Transf., the whole (opp. a part):

magnam res diligentiam requirebat, non in summā exercitus tuenda, sed in singulis militibus conservandis,

Caes. B. G. 6, 34; cf.:

summa exercitus salva,

the main body of the army, id. B. C. 1, 67:

solet quaedam esse partium brevitas, quae longam tamen efficit summam,

Quint. 4, 2, 41:

quaedam partibus blandiuntur, sed in summam non consentiunt,

id. 4, 2, 90.—

That which relates to the whole, as opp. to a part; with gen., the general, supreme:

(Remi dicebant) ad hunc (regem) totius belli summam omnium voluntate deferri,

the command in chief, Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

neque de summā belli suum judicium sed imperatoris esse,

id. ib. 1, 41:

cum penes unum est omnium summa rerum, regem illum unum vocamus,

authority over all affairs, the supreme power, Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 42:

is, qui summam rerum administrabat,

id. Rosc. Am. 32, 91:

ad te summa solum, Phormio, rerum redit,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 3:

ad summam rerum consulere,

for the general interest, Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

ad discrimen summa rerum adducta,

to a general engagement, Liv. 10, 27:

discrimen summae rerum,

id. 10, 14:

quos penes summam consilii voluit esse, cum imperii summam rex teneret,

the sole command, Cic. Rep. 2, 28, 51; cf.:

qui vobis summam ordinis consiliique concedunt,

id. Cat. 4, 7, 15:

imperii,

Caes. B. G. 2, 23; id. B. C. 3, 5:

quod penes eos (Bituriges), si id oppidum retinuissent, summam victoriae constare intellegebant,

the whole credit of the victory, id. B. G. 7, 21; so, victoriae, id. B. C. 1, 82.— Poet.:

summa ducum, Atri des,

Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37.

caerŭlĕus, and in poetry equally common, caerŭlus, a, um, adj. [cf. cae -sius, kuanos, and Sanscr. cjamas = dark]

Lit., dark-colored, dark blue, dark green, cerulean, azure, kuaneos; poet. epithet of the sky, of the sea, and other similar objects (as dark, opp. albus and marmoreus color, Lucr. 2, 771 sq., and syn. with ater, Verg. A. 3, 64; v. under II. A.).

Of the sky: caeli caerula templa, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 Vahl.); id. ap. Varr, L. L. 7, § 6 Müll. (Ann. v. 66 Vahl.); cf.:

(zonae) extremae Caeruleā glacie concretae,

Verg. G. 1, 236.—Also subst.: caerŭla. ōrum, n., Ov. M. 14, 814:

per caeli caerula,

Lucr. 1, 1089; 6, 96;

and without caeli,

id. 6, 482.—Of the universe:

magni per caerula mundi,

Lucr. 5, 770;

and of the brightness of the stars: bigae,

Verg. Cir. 37.—Of mountain heights, Ov. M. 11, 158; cf.

candor,

Plin. 35, 6, 28, § 47:

splendor,

id. 37, 9, 51, § 134.—

Of the sea:

ponti plaga caerula,

Lucr. 5, 482; cf. id. 2, 772 sq.:

pontus,

Cat. 36, 11; Ov. M. 13, 838: mare, Cic. Ac. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 162, 30:

aequora,

Cat. 64, 7; so,

campi = mare,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 15:

aquae,

Ov. M. 8, 229; 15, 699:

undae,

Tib. 1, 3, 37; 1, 4, 45; Varr. ap. Non. p. 254, 21:

vada,

Verg. A. 7, 198:

gurges,

Ov. M. 2, 528:

color (lacus) caerulo albidi or, viridior et pressior,

Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 4:

Oceani amictus,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 249; App. M. 10, p. 254, 11.—Also subst.: cae-rŭla, ōrum, n., the sea, the blue surface of the sea:

caerula verrunt,

Verg. A. 4, 583; 3, 208; 8, 672; Stat. Th. 3, 250.—Of objects that have relation to the sea:

di,

sea-deities, Ov. M. 2, 8 sq.: deus, kat.exochên, Neptune, Prop. 3 (4), 7, 62; cf.

of the same: Jovis frater,

Ov. M. 1, 275:

Triton,

id. ib. 1. 333: Nereus. id. H. 9, 14:

Thetis,

Tib. 1, 5, 46;

and of the same: mater (sc. Achillis),

Hor. Epod. 13, 16; Ov. M. 13, 288:

Psamathe,

a sea-nymph, id. ib. 11, 398: oculi Neptuni. Cic. N. D. 1, 30, 83:

currus (Neptuni),

Verg. A. 5, 819:

equi (Tritonis),

Ov. H. 7, 50:

Scylla (navis),

Verg. A. 5, 123; cf.

color. Ov M. 14, 555: puppis,

id. F. 2, 112; via. Plaut Rud. 1, 5, 10; Ov. H. 16, 104.—

Also of rivers and things that are connected therewith:

caeruleus Thybris,

Verg. A. 8, 64 amnis, Tib. 3, 4, 18; Stat. S. 1, 5, 51: Cydnus. Tib. 1, 7, 14:

crines,

Ov. M. 5, 432; guttae. id. ib. 5, 633.—

Of other darkblue objects:

omnes se Britanni vitro inficiunt, quod caeruleum efficit colorem, atque hoc horridiores sunt in pugnā aspectu,

Caes. B. G. 5, 14:

an si caeruleo quaedam sua tempora fuco Tinxerit. idcirco caerula forma bona'st?

Prop. 2, 18, 31 sq. (3, 11, 9 sq.); Mart. 11, 53, 1:

olearum plaga,

Lucr. 5, 1372; draco. Ov. M. 12, 13' angues, Verg. G. 4, 482;

colla,

id. A. 2, 381:

serpens,

Ov. M. 3, 38:

guttae (serpentis),

id. ib. 4, 578: vestis. Juv. 2. 97:

vexillum,

Suet. Aug. 25:

flos (heliotropi),

Plin. 22, 21, 29, § 57:

oculi (Germanorum),

Tac. G. 4; hence Germania [p. 265] pubes, Hor. Epod. 16, 7.—Hence, subst.: caerŭlĕum, i, n., a blue color, steel-color, both natural and artificial, Plin. 33, 13, 57, § 161 sq.; 35, 6, 28, § 47; Vitr. 7, 111; 9, 1.—

Transf.

In gen., dark, gloomy, dun, sable, black; poet. epithet of death, the night, rain, etc.:

stant Manibus arae Caeruleis moestae vittis,

Verg. A. 3, 64 Serv.:

imber,

id. ib. 3, 194;

5, 10: caeruleus (color) pluviam denuntiat,

id. G. 1, 453; so,

equi (Plutonis),

Ov. F. 4, 446:

ratis fati,

Prop. 2 (3), 28, 40:

puppis (Charontis),

Verg. A. 6, 410:

mors,

Albin. ad Liv. 1, 93:

nox,

Stat. S. 1, 6, 85:

umbra noctis,

id. Th. 2, 528; Verg. Cir. 214:

panis,

Juv. 14, 128:

baca (lauri),

Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 128:

bacis caerula tinus,

Ov. M. 10, 98.—

Dark green, green, greenish:

cucumis,

Prop. 4 (5), 2, 43:

coma,

Ov. M. 11, 158:

arbor Palladis,

id. A. A. 2, 518: campi caerula laetaque prata, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3.

Caerŭlĕus, i, m., the name of an aqueduct at Rome, Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 122; Suet. Claud. 20; Front. Aquaed. 13.

caerŭlĕus, and in poetry equally common, caerŭlus, a, um, adj. [cf. cae -sius, kuanos, and Sanscr. cjamas = dark]

Lit., dark-colored, dark blue, dark green, cerulean, azure, kuaneos; poet. epithet of the sky, of the sea, and other similar objects (as dark, opp. albus and marmoreus color, Lucr. 2, 771 sq., and syn. with ater, Verg. A. 3, 64; v. under II. A.).

Of the sky: caeli caerula templa, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 Vahl.); id. ap. Varr, L. L. 7, § 6 Müll. (Ann. v. 66 Vahl.); cf.:

(zonae) extremae Caeruleā glacie concretae,

Verg. G. 1, 236.—Also subst.: caerŭla. ōrum, n., Ov. M. 14, 814:

per caeli caerula,

Lucr. 1, 1089; 6, 96;

and without caeli,

id. 6, 482.—Of the universe:

magni per caerula mundi,

Lucr. 5, 770;

and of the brightness of the stars: bigae,

Verg. Cir. 37.—Of mountain heights, Ov. M. 11, 158; cf.

candor,

Plin. 35, 6, 28, § 47:

splendor,

id. 37, 9, 51, § 134.—

Of the sea:

ponti plaga caerula,

Lucr. 5, 482; cf. id. 2, 772 sq.:

pontus,

Cat. 36, 11; Ov. M. 13, 838: mare, Cic. Ac. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 162, 30:

aequora,

Cat. 64, 7; so,

campi = mare,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 15:

aquae,

Ov. M. 8, 229; 15, 699:

undae,

Tib. 1, 3, 37; 1, 4, 45; Varr. ap. Non. p. 254, 21:

vada,

Verg. A. 7, 198:

gurges,

Ov. M. 2, 528:

color (lacus) caerulo albidi or, viridior et pressior,

Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 4:

Oceani amictus,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 249; App. M. 10, p. 254, 11.—Also subst.: cae-rŭla, ōrum, n., the sea, the blue surface of the sea:

caerula verrunt,

Verg. A. 4, 583; 3, 208; 8, 672; Stat. Th. 3, 250.—Of objects that have relation to the sea:

di,

sea-deities, Ov. M. 2, 8 sq.: deus, kat.exochên, Neptune, Prop. 3 (4), 7, 62; cf.

of the same: Jovis frater,

Ov. M. 1, 275:

Triton,

id. ib. 1. 333: Nereus. id. H. 9, 14:

Thetis,

Tib. 1, 5, 46;

and of the same: mater (sc. Achillis),

Hor. Epod. 13, 16; Ov. M. 13, 288:

Psamathe,

a sea-nymph, id. ib. 11, 398: oculi Neptuni. Cic. N. D. 1, 30, 83:

currus (Neptuni),

Verg. A. 5, 819:

equi (Tritonis),

Ov. H. 7, 50:

Scylla (navis),

Verg. A. 5, 123; cf.

color. Ov M. 14, 555: puppis,

id. F. 2, 112; via. Plaut Rud. 1, 5, 10; Ov. H. 16, 104.—

Also of rivers and things that are connected therewith:

caeruleus Thybris,

Verg. A. 8, 64 amnis, Tib. 3, 4, 18; Stat. S. 1, 5, 51: Cydnus. Tib. 1, 7, 14:

crines,

Ov. M. 5, 432; guttae. id. ib. 5, 633.—

Of other darkblue objects:

omnes se Britanni vitro inficiunt, quod caeruleum efficit colorem, atque hoc horridiores sunt in pugnā aspectu,

Caes. B. G. 5, 14:

an si caeruleo quaedam sua tempora fuco Tinxerit. idcirco caerula forma bona'st?

Prop. 2, 18, 31 sq. (3, 11, 9 sq.); Mart. 11, 53, 1:

olearum plaga,

Lucr. 5, 1372; draco. Ov. M. 12, 13' angues, Verg. G. 4, 482;

colla,

id. A. 2, 381:

serpens,

Ov. M. 3, 38:

guttae (serpentis),

id. ib. 4, 578: vestis. Juv. 2. 97:

vexillum,

Suet. Aug. 25:

flos (heliotropi),

Plin. 22, 21, 29, § 57:

oculi (Germanorum),

Tac. G. 4; hence Germania [p. 265] pubes, Hor. Epod. 16, 7.—Hence, subst.: caerŭlĕum, i, n., a blue color, steel-color, both natural and artificial, Plin. 33, 13, 57, § 161 sq.; 35, 6, 28, § 47; Vitr. 7, 111; 9, 1.—

Transf.

In gen., dark, gloomy, dun, sable, black; poet. epithet of death, the night, rain, etc.:

stant Manibus arae Caeruleis moestae vittis,

Verg. A. 3, 64 Serv.:

imber,

id. ib. 3, 194;

5, 10: caeruleus (color) pluviam denuntiat,

id. G. 1, 453; so,

equi (Plutonis),

Ov. F. 4, 446:

ratis fati,

Prop. 2 (3), 28, 40:

puppis (Charontis),

Verg. A. 6, 410:

mors,

Albin. ad Liv. 1, 93:

nox,

Stat. S. 1, 6, 85:

umbra noctis,

id. Th. 2, 528; Verg. Cir. 214:

panis,

Juv. 14, 128:

baca (lauri),

Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 128:

bacis caerula tinus,

Ov. M. 10, 98.—

Dark green, green, greenish:

cucumis,

Prop. 4 (5), 2, 43:

coma,

Ov. M. 11, 158:

arbor Palladis,

id. A. A. 2, 518: campi caerula laetaque prata, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3.

Caerŭlĕus, i, m., the name of an aqueduct at Rome, Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 122; Suet. Claud. 20; Front. Aquaed. 13.

caerŭlĕus, and in poetry equally common, caerŭlus, a, um, adj. [cf. cae -sius, kuanos, and Sanscr. cjamas = dark]

Lit., dark-colored, dark blue, dark green, cerulean, azure, kuaneos; poet. epithet of the sky, of the sea, and other similar objects (as dark, opp. albus and marmoreus color, Lucr. 2, 771 sq., and syn. with ater, Verg. A. 3, 64; v. under II. A.).

Of the sky: caeli caerula templa, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 Vahl.); id. ap. Varr, L. L. 7, § 6 Müll. (Ann. v. 66 Vahl.); cf.:

(zonae) extremae Caeruleā glacie concretae,

Verg. G. 1, 236.—Also subst.: caerŭla. ōrum, n., Ov. M. 14, 814:

per caeli caerula,

Lucr. 1, 1089; 6, 96;

and without caeli,

id. 6, 482.—Of the universe:

magni per caerula mundi,

Lucr. 5, 770;

and of the brightness of the stars: bigae,

Verg. Cir. 37.—Of mountain heights, Ov. M. 11, 158; cf.

candor,

Plin. 35, 6, 28, § 47:

splendor,

id. 37, 9, 51, § 134.—

Of the sea:

ponti plaga caerula,

Lucr. 5, 482; cf. id. 2, 772 sq.:

pontus,

Cat. 36, 11; Ov. M. 13, 838: mare, Cic. Ac. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 162, 30:

aequora,

Cat. 64, 7; so,

campi = mare,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 15:

aquae,

Ov. M. 8, 229; 15, 699:

undae,

Tib. 1, 3, 37; 1, 4, 45; Varr. ap. Non. p. 254, 21:

vada,

Verg. A. 7, 198:

gurges,

Ov. M. 2, 528:

color (lacus) caerulo albidi or, viridior et pressior,

Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 4:

Oceani amictus,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 249; App. M. 10, p. 254, 11.—Also subst.: cae-rŭla, ōrum, n., the sea, the blue surface of the sea:

caerula verrunt,

Verg. A. 4, 583; 3, 208; 8, 672; Stat. Th. 3, 250.—Of objects that have relation to the sea:

di,

sea-deities, Ov. M. 2, 8 sq.: deus, kat.exochên, Neptune, Prop. 3 (4), 7, 62; cf.

of the same: Jovis frater,

Ov. M. 1, 275:

Triton,

id. ib. 1. 333: Nereus. id. H. 9, 14:

Thetis,

Tib. 1, 5, 46;

and of the same: mater (sc. Achillis),

Hor. Epod. 13, 16; Ov. M. 13, 288:

Psamathe,

a sea-nymph, id. ib. 11, 398: oculi Neptuni. Cic. N. D. 1, 30, 83:

currus (Neptuni),

Verg. A. 5, 819:

equi (Tritonis),

Ov. H. 7, 50:

Scylla (navis),

Verg. A. 5, 123; cf.

color. Ov M. 14, 555: puppis,

id. F. 2, 112; via. Plaut Rud. 1, 5, 10; Ov. H. 16, 104.—

Also of rivers and things that are connected therewith:

caeruleus Thybris,

Verg. A. 8, 64 amnis, Tib. 3, 4, 18; Stat. S. 1, 5, 51: Cydnus. Tib. 1, 7, 14:

crines,

Ov. M. 5, 432; guttae. id. ib. 5, 633.—

Of other darkblue objects:

omnes se Britanni vitro inficiunt, quod caeruleum efficit colorem, atque hoc horridiores sunt in pugnā aspectu,

Caes. B. G. 5, 14:

an si caeruleo quaedam sua tempora fuco Tinxerit. idcirco caerula forma bona'st?

Prop. 2, 18, 31 sq. (3, 11, 9 sq.); Mart. 11, 53, 1:

olearum plaga,

Lucr. 5, 1372; draco. Ov. M. 12, 13' angues, Verg. G. 4, 482;

colla,

id. A. 2, 381:

serpens,

Ov. M. 3, 38:

guttae (serpentis),

id. ib. 4, 578: vestis. Juv. 2. 97:

vexillum,

Suet. Aug. 25:

flos (heliotropi),

Plin. 22, 21, 29, § 57:

oculi (Germanorum),

Tac. G. 4; hence Germania [p. 265] pubes, Hor. Epod. 16, 7.—Hence, subst.: caerŭlĕum, i, n., a blue color, steel-color, both natural and artificial, Plin. 33, 13, 57, § 161 sq.; 35, 6, 28, § 47; Vitr. 7, 111; 9, 1.—

Transf.

In gen., dark, gloomy, dun, sable, black; poet. epithet of death, the night, rain, etc.:

stant Manibus arae Caeruleis moestae vittis,

Verg. A. 3, 64 Serv.:

imber,

id. ib. 3, 194;

5, 10: caeruleus (color) pluviam denuntiat,

id. G. 1, 453; so,

equi (Plutonis),

Ov. F. 4, 446:

ratis fati,

Prop. 2 (3), 28, 40:

puppis (Charontis),

Verg. A. 6, 410:

mors,

Albin. ad Liv. 1, 93:

nox,

Stat. S. 1, 6, 85:

umbra noctis,

id. Th. 2, 528; Verg. Cir. 214:

panis,

Juv. 14, 128:

baca (lauri),

Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 128:

bacis caerula tinus,

Ov. M. 10, 98.—

Dark green, green, greenish:

cucumis,

Prop. 4 (5), 2, 43:

coma,

Ov. M. 11, 158:

arbor Palladis,

id. A. A. 2, 518: campi caerula laetaque prata, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3.

Caerŭlĕus, i, m., the name of an aqueduct at Rome, Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 122; Suet. Claud. 20; Front. Aquaed. 13.

caerŭlĕus, and in poetry equally common, caerŭlus, a, um, adj. [cf. cae -sius, kuanos, and Sanscr. cjamas = dark]

Lit., dark-colored, dark blue, dark green, cerulean, azure, kuaneos; poet. epithet of the sky, of the sea, and other similar objects (as dark, opp. albus and marmoreus color, Lucr. 2, 771 sq., and syn. with ater, Verg. A. 3, 64; v. under II. A.).

Of the sky: caeli caerula templa, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 Vahl.); id. ap. Varr, L. L. 7, § 6 Müll. (Ann. v. 66 Vahl.); cf.:

(zonae) extremae Caeruleā glacie concretae,

Verg. G. 1, 236.—Also subst.: caerŭla. ōrum, n., Ov. M. 14, 814:

per caeli caerula,

Lucr. 1, 1089; 6, 96;

and without caeli,

id. 6, 482.—Of the universe:

magni per caerula mundi,

Lucr. 5, 770;

and of the brightness of the stars: bigae,

Verg. Cir. 37.—Of mountain heights, Ov. M. 11, 158; cf.

candor,

Plin. 35, 6, 28, § 47:

splendor,

id. 37, 9, 51, § 134.—

Of the sea:

ponti plaga caerula,

Lucr. 5, 482; cf. id. 2, 772 sq.:

pontus,

Cat. 36, 11; Ov. M. 13, 838: mare, Cic. Ac. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 162, 30:

aequora,

Cat. 64, 7; so,

campi = mare,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 15:

aquae,

Ov. M. 8, 229; 15, 699:

undae,

Tib. 1, 3, 37; 1, 4, 45; Varr. ap. Non. p. 254, 21:

vada,

Verg. A. 7, 198:

gurges,

Ov. M. 2, 528:

color (lacus) caerulo albidi or, viridior et pressior,

Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 4:

Oceani amictus,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 249; App. M. 10, p. 254, 11.—Also subst.: cae-rŭla, ōrum, n., the sea, the blue surface of the sea:

caerula verrunt,

Verg. A. 4, 583; 3, 208; 8, 672; Stat. Th. 3, 250.—Of objects that have relation to the sea:

di,

sea-deities, Ov. M. 2, 8 sq.: deus, kat.exochên, Neptune, Prop. 3 (4), 7, 62; cf.

of the same: Jovis frater,

Ov. M. 1, 275:

Triton,

id. ib. 1. 333: Nereus. id. H. 9, 14:

Thetis,

Tib. 1, 5, 46;

and of the same: mater (sc. Achillis),

Hor. Epod. 13, 16; Ov. M. 13, 288:

Psamathe,

a sea-nymph, id. ib. 11, 398: oculi Neptuni. Cic. N. D. 1, 30, 83:

currus (Neptuni),

Verg. A. 5, 819:

equi (Tritonis),

Ov. H. 7, 50:

Scylla (navis),

Verg. A. 5, 123; cf.

color. Ov M. 14, 555: puppis,

id. F. 2, 112; via. Plaut Rud. 1, 5, 10; Ov. H. 16, 104.—

Also of rivers and things that are connected therewith:

caeruleus Thybris,

Verg. A. 8, 64 amnis, Tib. 3, 4, 18; Stat. S. 1, 5, 51: Cydnus. Tib. 1, 7, 14:

crines,

Ov. M. 5, 432; guttae. id. ib. 5, 633.—

Of other darkblue objects:

omnes se Britanni vitro inficiunt, quod caeruleum efficit colorem, atque hoc horridiores sunt in pugnā aspectu,

Caes. B. G. 5, 14:

an si caeruleo quaedam sua tempora fuco Tinxerit. idcirco caerula forma bona'st?

Prop. 2, 18, 31 sq. (3, 11, 9 sq.); Mart. 11, 53, 1:

olearum plaga,

Lucr. 5, 1372; draco. Ov. M. 12, 13' angues, Verg. G. 4, 482;

colla,

id. A. 2, 381:

serpens,

Ov. M. 3, 38:

guttae (serpentis),

id. ib. 4, 578: vestis. Juv. 2. 97:

vexillum,

Suet. Aug. 25:

flos (heliotropi),

Plin. 22, 21, 29, § 57:

oculi (Germanorum),

Tac. G. 4; hence Germania [p. 265] pubes, Hor. Epod. 16, 7.—Hence, subst.: caerŭlĕum, i, n., a blue color, steel-color, both natural and artificial, Plin. 33, 13, 57, § 161 sq.; 35, 6, 28, § 47; Vitr. 7, 111; 9, 1.—

Transf.

In gen., dark, gloomy, dun, sable, black; poet. epithet of death, the night, rain, etc.:

stant Manibus arae Caeruleis moestae vittis,

Verg. A. 3, 64 Serv.:

imber,

id. ib. 3, 194;

5, 10: caeruleus (color) pluviam denuntiat,

id. G. 1, 453; so,

equi (Plutonis),

Ov. F. 4, 446:

ratis fati,

Prop. 2 (3), 28, 40:

puppis (Charontis),

Verg. A. 6, 410:

mors,

Albin. ad Liv. 1, 93:

nox,

Stat. S. 1, 6, 85:

umbra noctis,

id. Th. 2, 528; Verg. Cir. 214:

panis,

Juv. 14, 128:

baca (lauri),

Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 128:

bacis caerula tinus,

Ov. M. 10, 98.—

Dark green, green, greenish:

cucumis,

Prop. 4 (5), 2, 43:

coma,

Ov. M. 11, 158:

arbor Palladis,

id. A. A. 2, 518: campi caerula laetaque prata, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3.

Caerŭlĕus, i, m., the name of an aqueduct at Rome, Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 122; Suet. Claud. 20; Front. Aquaed. 13.

caerŭlĕus, and in poetry equally common, caerŭlus, a, um, adj. [cf. cae -sius, kuanos, and Sanscr. cjamas = dark]

Lit., dark-colored, dark blue, dark green, cerulean, azure, kuaneos; poet. epithet of the sky, of the sea, and other similar objects (as dark, opp. albus and marmoreus color, Lucr. 2, 771 sq., and syn. with ater, Verg. A. 3, 64; v. under II. A.).

Of the sky: caeli caerula templa, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 Vahl.); id. ap. Varr, L. L. 7, § 6 Müll. (Ann. v. 66 Vahl.); cf.:

(zonae) extremae Caeruleā glacie concretae,

Verg. G. 1, 236.—Also subst.: caerŭla. ōrum, n., Ov. M. 14, 814:

per caeli caerula,

Lucr. 1, 1089; 6, 96;

and without caeli,

id. 6, 482.—Of the universe:

magni per caerula mundi,

Lucr. 5, 770;

and of the brightness of the stars: bigae,

Verg. Cir. 37.—Of mountain heights, Ov. M. 11, 158; cf.

candor,

Plin. 35, 6, 28, § 47:

splendor,

id. 37, 9, 51, § 134.—

Of the sea:

ponti plaga caerula,

Lucr. 5, 482; cf. id. 2, 772 sq.:

pontus,

Cat. 36, 11; Ov. M. 13, 838: mare, Cic. Ac. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 162, 30:

aequora,

Cat. 64, 7; so,

campi = mare,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 15:

aquae,

Ov. M. 8, 229; 15, 699:

undae,

Tib. 1, 3, 37; 1, 4, 45; Varr. ap. Non. p. 254, 21:

vada,

Verg. A. 7, 198:

gurges,

Ov. M. 2, 528:

color (lacus) caerulo albidi or, viridior et pressior,

Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 4:

Oceani amictus,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 249; App. M. 10, p. 254, 11.—Also subst.: cae-rŭla, ōrum, n., the sea, the blue surface of the sea:

caerula verrunt,

Verg. A. 4, 583; 3, 208; 8, 672; Stat. Th. 3, 250.—Of objects that have relation to the sea:

di,

sea-deities, Ov. M. 2, 8 sq.: deus, kat.exochên, Neptune, Prop. 3 (4), 7, 62; cf.

of the same: Jovis frater,

Ov. M. 1, 275:

Triton,

id. ib. 1. 333: Nereus. id. H. 9, 14:

Thetis,

Tib. 1, 5, 46;

and of the same: mater (sc. Achillis),

Hor. Epod. 13, 16; Ov. M. 13, 288:

Psamathe,

a sea-nymph, id. ib. 11, 398: oculi Neptuni. Cic. N. D. 1, 30, 83:

currus (Neptuni),

Verg. A. 5, 819:

equi (Tritonis),

Ov. H. 7, 50:

Scylla (navis),

Verg. A. 5, 123; cf.

color. Ov M. 14, 555: puppis,

id. F. 2, 112; via. Plaut Rud. 1, 5, 10; Ov. H. 16, 104.—

Also of rivers and things that are connected therewith:

caeruleus Thybris,

Verg. A. 8, 64 amnis, Tib. 3, 4, 18; Stat. S. 1, 5, 51: Cydnus. Tib. 1, 7, 14:

crines,

Ov. M. 5, 432; guttae. id. ib. 5, 633.—

Of other darkblue objects:

omnes se Britanni vitro inficiunt, quod caeruleum efficit colorem, atque hoc horridiores sunt in pugnā aspectu,

Caes. B. G. 5, 14:

an si caeruleo quaedam sua tempora fuco Tinxerit. idcirco caerula forma bona'st?

Prop. 2, 18, 31 sq. (3, 11, 9 sq.); Mart. 11, 53, 1:

olearum plaga,

Lucr. 5, 1372; draco. Ov. M. 12, 13' angues, Verg. G. 4, 482;

colla,

id. A. 2, 381:

serpens,

Ov. M. 3, 38:

guttae (serpentis),

id. ib. 4, 578: vestis. Juv. 2. 97:

vexillum,

Suet. Aug. 25:

flos (heliotropi),

Plin. 22, 21, 29, § 57:

oculi (Germanorum),

Tac. G. 4; hence Germania [p. 265] pubes, Hor. Epod. 16, 7.—Hence, subst.: caerŭlĕum, i, n., a blue color, steel-color, both natural and artificial, Plin. 33, 13, 57, § 161 sq.; 35, 6, 28, § 47; Vitr. 7, 111; 9, 1.—

Transf.

In gen., dark, gloomy, dun, sable, black; poet. epithet of death, the night, rain, etc.:

stant Manibus arae Caeruleis moestae vittis,

Verg. A. 3, 64 Serv.:

imber,

id. ib. 3, 194;

5, 10: caeruleus (color) pluviam denuntiat,

id. G. 1, 453; so,

equi (Plutonis),

Ov. F. 4, 446:

ratis fati,

Prop. 2 (3), 28, 40:

puppis (Charontis),

Verg. A. 6, 410:

mors,

Albin. ad Liv. 1, 93:

nox,

Stat. S. 1, 6, 85:

umbra noctis,

id. Th. 2, 528; Verg. Cir. 214:

panis,

Juv. 14, 128:

baca (lauri),

Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 128:

bacis caerula tinus,

Ov. M. 10, 98.—

Dark green, green, greenish:

cucumis,

Prop. 4 (5), 2, 43:

coma,

Ov. M. 11, 158:

arbor Palladis,

id. A. A. 2, 518: campi caerula laetaque prata, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3.

Caerŭlĕus, i, m., the name of an aqueduct at Rome, Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 122; Suet. Claud. 20; Front. Aquaed. 13.

mūnus (old orthogr. moenus;

moenera militiaï,

Lucr. 1, 29), ĕris, n. [root mu-; cf.: moenia, munis, munia, etc.], a service, office, post, employment, function, duty (class.; syn.: officium, ministerium, honos).

Lit.: munus significat officium, cum dicitur quis munere fungi. Item donum quod officii causā datur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 140 Müll. (cf. infra):

munus curare,

to discharge an office, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 76:

octo munus hominum fungi,

id. Men. 1, 4, 5:

administrare,

Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 2:

munus atque officium,

Cic. Font. 7, 15:

rei publicae,

a public office, id. de Or. 1, 45, 199:

belli,

Liv. 24, 35:

de jure respondendi sustinere,

Cic. Brut. 30, 113:

rei publicae explere,

id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

vigiliarum obire,

to perform, Liv. 3, 6:

officii,

the performance of a duty, Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

tuum est hoc munus, tuae partes: a te hoc civitas exspectat,

duty, office, obligation, id. Fam. 11, 5, 3:

principum est resistere levitati multitudinis,

id. Mil. 8, 22:

vitae,

id. Sen. 11, 35:

senectutis,

id. Leg. 1, 3, 10.—

Esp., = onus, a duty, burden, tribute:

cum hoc munus imponebatur tam grave civitati,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 51:

id quoque munus leve atque commune Mamertinis remisisti,

id. ib. 2, 5, 21, §

52: dum ne quis eorum munere vacaret,

Liv. 25, 7, 4:

non enim detractionem eam munerum militiae, sed apertam defectionem esse,

id. 27, 9, 9.—

Transf.

A work:

majorum vigiliarum munus, Cic. Par. prooem.: solitudinis,

a work, book, written in solitude, id. Off. 3, 1, 4.—

A service, favor: huc ire licet atque illuc munere ditium dominorum, Sall. Orat. Licin.; Cic. Fam. 10, 11, 1.—

In partic., the last service, office to the dead, i. e. burial: pro hominis dignitate amplo munere extulit, Nep. Eum. 4, 4 (dub.;

al. funere): suprema,

Verg. A. 11, 25:

supremum mortis,

Cat. 101, 3:

debita,

Val. Fl. 3, 313:

fungi inani Munere,

Verg. A. 6, 885:

cineri haec mittite nostro Munera,

id. ib. 4, 624.—

A present, gift (syn.:

donum, praemium): bonum datum deorum concessu atque munere,

Cic. Univ. 14:

mittere alicui,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62:

mittere aliquid alicui munere,

to send one something as a present, Plin. 37, 5, 19, § 74 (al. muneri):

quasi totam regionem muneri accepissent,

had received as a present, Tac. A. 14, 31:

aliquem munere donare,

to present one with a gift, Verg. A. 5, 282:

dare muneri aliquid alicui,

to give one something as a present, Nep. Thras. 4, 2:

munera Liberi,

i. e. wine, Hor. C. 4, 15, 26:

terrae,

id. ib. 2, 14, 10:

Cereris,

bread, Ov. M. 10, 74; cf.:

gratae post munus aristae,

Juv. 14, 183:

quem munere palpat Carus,

i. e. a bribe, id. 1, 35.—

In partic.

A public show, spectacle, entertainment, exhibition, esp. a show of gladiators, which was given to the people by the magistrates, and generally by the ædiles, as an expression of gratitude for the honorable office to which they had been elected (cf.:

ludus, spectaculum): erat munus Scipionis, dignum et eo ipso et illo Q. Metello, cui dabatur,

Cic. Sest. 58, 124:

munus magnificum dare,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 6:

praebere,

id. Sull. 19, 54:

functus est aedilicio maximo munere,

i. e. gave a splendid exhibition, id. Off. 2, 16, 55:

edere,

Suet. Tit. 7:

venationes, quae vocantur munera,

Lact. 6, 20:

munera nunc edunt,

Juv. 3, 36; 4, 18.—

A public building for the use of the people, erected at the expense of an individual:

Pompeii munera,

the theatre, Vell. 2, 130, 1:

aut ubi muneribus nati sua munera mater Addidit (i. e. theatro Marcelli porticum Octaviam),

Ov. A. A. 1, 69.—

Transf., of the structure of the universe:

effector vel moderator tanti operis et muneris,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 70.

Chăŏs or Chăus, abl. Chao (other cases not used in the class. per.; gen. Chaï, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 664; dat. Chaï, Prisc. p. 720 P.), n., = Chaos.

The boundless, empty space; as the kingdom of darkness, the Lower World:

ingens,

Ov. M. 10, 30; 14, 404; id. Ib. 84:

inane,

id. F. 4, 600:

caecum,

Sen. Med. 741; Stat. Th. 12, 772; Val. Fl. 7, 402;

impersonated,

masc., god of the Lower World, father of Erebos and Nox, Verg. A. 4, 510 (acc. Chaos); 6, 265; Quint. 3, 7, 8; cf.: Janus... edidit hos sonos;

me Chaos antiqui, nam sum res prisca, vocabant,

Ov. F. 1, 103.—

Hence also, immeasurable darkness, deep obscurity:

Cimmerium,

Stat. S. 3, 2, 92:

horridum,

Prud. Cath. 5, 3.—

The confused, formless, primitive mass out of which the universe was made, chaos, Ov. M. 1, 7; 2, 299; Lact. 1, 5, 8; 2, 8, 8:

a Chao,

since the creation of the world, Verg. G. 4, 347.

Chăŏs or Chăus, abl. Chao (other cases not used in the class. per.; gen. Chaï, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 664; dat. Chaï, Prisc. p. 720 P.), n., = Chaos.

The boundless, empty space; as the kingdom of darkness, the Lower World:

ingens,

Ov. M. 10, 30; 14, 404; id. Ib. 84:

inane,

id. F. 4, 600:

caecum,

Sen. Med. 741; Stat. Th. 12, 772; Val. Fl. 7, 402;

impersonated,

masc., god of the Lower World, father of Erebos and Nox, Verg. A. 4, 510 (acc. Chaos); 6, 265; Quint. 3, 7, 8; cf.: Janus... edidit hos sonos;

me Chaos antiqui, nam sum res prisca, vocabant,

Ov. F. 1, 103.—

Hence also, immeasurable darkness, deep obscurity:

Cimmerium,

Stat. S. 3, 2, 92:

horridum,

Prud. Cath. 5, 3.—

The confused, formless, primitive mass out of which the universe was made, chaos, Ov. M. 1, 7; 2, 299; Lact. 1, 5, 8; 2, 8, 8:

a Chao,

since the creation of the world, Verg. G. 4, 347.

nātūra, ae, f. [nascor], birth.

Lit. (very rare):

naturā tu illi pater es, consiliis ego,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 46; cf.:

naturā pater,

id. ib. 5, 7, 4.—

Transf. (freq. and class.; syn.: indoles, ingenium).

The nature, i. e. the natural constitution, property, or quality of a thing:

quod autem animal est, id motu cietur interiore et suo: nam haec est natura propria animae et vis,

Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 28:

ipsumque per se sua vi, sua natura, sua sponte laudabile,

id. Fin. 2, 15, 50:

ab ipsa natura loci,

id. Agr. 2, 35, 95:

quali esset natura montis, qui cognoscerent misit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

loci,

id. ib. 1, 2: tigna secundum naturam fluminis procumberent, according to the nature or natural course of the river, Caes. B. G. 4, 17: insula naturā triquetra, by nature, i. e. in shape, id. ib. 5, 13:

naturas apibus quas Juppiter ipse Addidit expediam,

Verg. G. 4, 149.—

Of character, nature, natural disposition, inclination, bent, temper, character:

cognitum per te ipsum, quae tua natura est, dignum tuā amicitiā judicabis,

Cic. Fam. 13, 78, 2:

prolixa beneficaque,

id. ib. 3, 8, 8; Liv. 22, 59: mihi benefacere jam ex consuetudine [p. 1190] in naturam vertit, has become natural, Sall. J. 85, 9.—Prov.:

consuetudo est secunda natura,

August. adv. Jul. 5, 59 fin.; Macr. S. 7, 9, 7; cf.:

voluptatem consuetudine quasi alteram naturam effici,

Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 74:

naturam expellas furcā, tamen usque recurret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 24:

facere sibi naturam alicujus rei,

to accustom one's self to a thing, Quint. 2, 4, 17:

desideria naturae satiare,

Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 25.—

The nature, course, or order of things:

quod rerum natura non patitur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 17, 55:

delabi ad aequitatem et ad rerum naturam,

id. Fam. 6, 10, 5:

naturae satisfacere,

i. e. to die, Cic. Clu. 10, 29; so,

naturae concedere,

Sall. J. 14, 15:—Personified:

quis vero opifex praeter naturam, quā nihil potest esse callidius, tantam sollertiam persequi potuisset in sensibus? quae primum oculos membranis tenuissimis vestivit, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142:

frui primis a natura datis,

id. Fin. 2, 11, 34:

homines rationem habent a naturā datam,

id. ib. 2, 14, 45:

et homini praecipui a naturā nihil datum esse dicemus,

id. ib. 2, 33, 110:

quae (membra corporum) ipsa declarant procreandi a naturā habitam esse rationem,

id. ib. 3, 19, 62:

omnis natura vult esse conservatrix sui,

id. ib. 4, 7, 16; 5, 15, 41;

5, 20, 56: illam partem bene vivendi a natura petebant, eique parendum esse dicebant,

id. Ac. 1, 5, 19.—

Nature, i. e. the world, the universe:

Cleanthes totius naturae menti atque animo hoc nomen (dei) tribuit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 14, 37.—

Nature, i. e. consistency with nature, possibility:

in rerum naturā fuisse,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 8, 24:

hoc quoque in rerum naturam cadit,

is a possible case, Quint. 2, 17, 32:

judicatum est enim, rerum naturam non recipere, ut, etc.,

that it is not in accordance with nature, not possible, Val. Max. 8, 1, abs. 13:—

An element, thing, substance:

Aristoteles quin tam quandam naturam censet esse, e qua sit mens,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 22: de naturis autem sic sentiebat;

primum uti quattuor initiis rerum illis quintam hanc naturam... non adhiberet, etc.,

id. Ac. 1, 11, 39:

natura tenuis aëris,

Lucr. 2, 232.—

The natural parts, organs of generation:

cujus (Mercurii) obscenius excitata natura traditur,

Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 55:

quaedam matrona visa est in quiete obsignatam habere naturam,

id. Div. 2, 70, 145; cf. Varr. R. R. 3, 12, 4; 2, 7, 8.